Marketing Communication Strategies of UK Supermarkets Case Study

Marketing Communication Strategies of UK Supermarkets - Case Study Example Essentially, the value of the customer must be prudently considered. Convenience substitutes place and cost (which includes time and energy) replaces price. Thus, communication replaces promotion (Ashcroft 2002, p.178). Knowing its external audience is a huge necessity for any organisation and to achieve this task, a firm must embark on an effective market research. So as to attain excellent communication, it is imperative to be conscious on which communications media the audience will respond to -- whether they read newspapers, magazines, leaflets, listen to the radio or watch television (what type or what programmes they specifically watch). In the case of supermarkets, for instance, they obtain information about their customers via loyalty card ideas, magazines and their websites. From the information gained, they target particular groups of shoppers. The process employed in the current study includes Primary Research and Secondary research. Primary research entailed the use of questionnaire survey and personal interviews. Meanwhile, with Secondary research, it included the Mintel database as well as newspapers, books, company information and internet search. Many of the information gathered are backed up by visuals like illustrations, charts and graphical representations. Likewise, in order to complete the brief report, the study also included watching television and taking notes from these commercials, getting inside the supermarkets themselves, watch how people react to the advertisements fed to them, talking with marketing agents and supermarket sales staff. Similarly, product reviews have also been read, consumer comments and blogs have been randomly considered so as to get insights and an overview of the whole chain and the entire supermarket-retailing system. Market Overview Today, supermarkets control food sales in developed countries and are swiftly escalating their international presence. At the same time, global mergers and acquisitions and cutthroat pricing schemes have focused market power in the hands of a few major retailers (see Appendix 1 for company growth) (Raworth 2004, p. 6). The late 1990s witnessed a spell of merger and acquisition activities as the supermarket segment speedily merged and strengthened to counter the 'Wal-Mart' intimidation. Currently, the UK food retailing industry is governed and strongly dictated by four key supermarkets (Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons) who together account for over two-thirds of retail food sales (Fearney, Duffy and Hornibrook 2004, p. 2) and such consolidation of retailers has reinforced their control over suppliers. Today, the UK supermarket segment is still ruled by Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury's and Morrisons; these are the only chains that operate full-scale superstores of 40,000 square feet (3,700m) and sometimes go beyond. These so-called "Big 4" had a combined share of 75.3% of UK's grocery market realm (TNS Report, 2008). As it is, sector analysts foresee that it is not improbable

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - Essay Example Air pollution has been further divided into indoor air pollution and outdoor air pollution. There are many causes of each of these types. Outdoor air pollution results due to the release of gases from the industries into the air. This results in contaminating the air. This is also true for the emissions from motor vehicles. Furthermore, the usage of insecticides and pesticides also serves to add contaminants to the air. Accidents in nuclear power plants may also result in the release of toxic gases which may pollute the air. Indoor air pollution results due to the burning of coal, oil and wood in the houses. It mainly implies for the rural areas of the developing nations of the world. Cigarette smoking is another factor which leads to the addition of harmful gases to the atmosphere (Park 2007). Air pollution is a serious global issue that needs to be tackled. Different methods and ways have been devised to overcome this problem. The World Health Organization has presented with differ ent solutions that need to be put into action to overcome air pollution.

Just War Theory and a Thoughtful Realist Essay Example for Free

Just War Theory and a Thoughtful Realist Essay One important theory within International Relations shows a moral aspect on how to conduct war. This theory is called Just War Theory. Just War Theory is a doctrine of military ethics from a philosophical and Catholic viewpoint. This theory consists of two parts: Jus ad bellum (the right to go to war) and Jus in bello (right conduct within war). Jus a bellum, the right to go to war, explicitly describes how a nation-state should conduct itself before preparing for war. There are seven sub-categories within Jus a bellum: Just Cause, Comparative Justice, Competent Authority, Right Intention, Profitability of Success, Last Resort, and Proportionality. Just Cause is explained as needing to have a reason to go to war. Not just for recapturing material possessions, but if lives are in danger. Comparative Justice is described, as the suffering and injustice on one side within a war must outweigh the suffering and injustice on the opposite side. Competent Authority must be in order within a war. Nation-states that start war must only start it if the authorities within the nation-state are focused on justice. Right Intention is defined as; force may be only used for a just cause correcting a suffered wrong. Gaining or maintaining economies by a nation-state is not considered just. Profitability of Success indicates that arms are not to be used where unbalanced measures are pertinent to be successful. The Last Resort category is presented as; force in war may only be used if peaceful alternatives have been completely depleted. The final category, Proportionality, is the foreseen benefits of starting war must be proportionate to its expected wrongs. Jus in bello, right conduct within war, shows how a nation-state should handle different situations within a war. There are five sub-categories within Jus in bello: Distinction, Proportionality, Military Necessity, Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War, and No Means malum in se (evil within itself). Distinction is described as; nobody in war should attack those not involved in war. No one should bomb civilian areas where there are no military targets. Also, those in war should not target those who have been captured, surrendered, or do not present immediate threat. Proportionality is the idea that an attack cannot be launched on a military objective in the knowledge that the incidental civilian injuries would outweigh the military advantage. Military Necessity is demonstrated as the use of the most minimal force to limit the unnecessary death of civilians. Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War, under Just War Theory, is important. It prohibits the mistreating or torturing of captured enemies because they no longer pose a threat. The final category is No Means malum in se. This prohibits the use of evil weapons and methods of warfare including: mass rape, nuclear weapons, and biological warfare. The Just War Theory explicitly details on how war should be carried out by a nation-state. Although war involves deaths and destructions, this is one of the most moral ways to handle warfare. In the world of realism, a thoughtful realist would like to believe that every single one of these categories would be played out perfectly. But, there are many inhibitors with each of these. A thoughtful realist would not believe with the concepts of Just Cause and Profitability of Success because nation-states need to protect their territories and their economy to stay in their current position of power. Under the concept of Last Resort, a thoughtful realist would agree not to jump into war immediately, but if a major threat were to happen upon a nation-state, it would be necessary. Proportionality within Jus ad bellum and Jus in bello coincides with the views of the realists of stability within a nation-state. Realists understand the effects of war on civilians. Contrary to Distinction and Military Necessity, Realists recognize that within war there are many casualties and sometimes they are of civilians and those not involved in the war. With terrorist groups of today, a thoughtful realist would say that torture of those captured is sometimes pertinent to safeguard the state. This combats the view of Fair Treatment of Prisoners of War. When the safety of a country is at risk, a realist would agree that it becomes a vital interest. This vital interest could lead to nuclear or biological warfare depending on the severity of the vital interest. Within the No Mean malum in se category, it overtly condemns this. But a thoughtful realist would agree that these steps might be necessary in some situations. A thoughtful realist would agree with one part of the category, which states that mass rape is completely immoral. A thoughtful realist would want to agree with every statement within the Just War Theory. However, understanding when protection and vital interests are at stake, a thoughtful realist would agree to disregard most of the Just Law Theory to safeguard the country.

Analysis of a Survey Essay -- Truth Honesty Essays

Analysis of a Survey As children, most of us were probably taught the basic lessons of life. Our families tried to instill in us a sense of right and wrong, good versus bad. One of the first lessons we were taught was that of honesty. A related concept of honesty is truth. Truth is a concept we understand as children but eventually learn to manipulate as adults. The dictionary states that honesty "implies a refusal to lie, steal or deceive in any way." However, formal definitions of both truth and honesty contain similar phrases, that is, adherence to or dealing with facts. The terms may or may not be interchangeable, but they are similar in that their foundations are rooted in fact. Telling the truth usually means dealing with the consequences. Sometimes this moment of reckoning is instantaneous. Lying has its consequences as well, but for the most part, these can be postponed to a later date and time. I presume this is one of the reasons why we lie in the first place. As adults, I believe that the vast majority of us have twisted or stretched the truth at one time another in order to serve ourselves better. Is this right or wrong? This line of thought triggered contemplation on one of life's mysteries--is honesty truly the best policy? Many of my friends and colleagues were aware that I had been coping with a situation where people were lying to me. In my case, the consequences were devastating and these people knew I had been extremely hurt and angry. However, in related conversations regarding these circumstances, I was astounded to learn that not everyone shared my opinion that lying was wrong. I had a difficult time accepting this notion but these people insisted that there were times when it was better not to t... .... The difficulty here would be in making the questions as non-threatening as possible. If a respondent felt uncomfortable with the survey, the results could be skewed. I also feel that additional queries would provide the data necessary to make more thought provoking assumptions and analysis. Nevertheless, I found that conducting this survey was an educational experience and one I would not mind repeating. I feel that truth and honesty are closely intertwined. I believe that if you are honest, whether it be with yourself or another person, the truth will come out. I discovered through this survey that things are sometimes not as obvious as they may seem. More importantly, I saw that honesty is something that often must be measured and weighed before being presented. Though I prefer honesty to lies, I can understand how it could throw equilibrium out of balance.

Issue of Problem Facing the Welfare

Perhaps no other child-serving systems encounter a higher percentage of children with a trauma history than the child welfare system. Almost by definition, children served by child welfare have experienced at least one major traumatic event, and many have long and complex trauma histories. Children in the child welfare system, especially those in foster care, have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than the general population. Abuse and neglect often occur with concurrent exposure to domestic violence, substance abuse, and community violence.These children also often face the additional stressors of removal from the home, multiple placements in out-of-home care (foster homes, shelters, group homes, residential treatment facilities, kinship placements), and different schools and peer groups. Research shows that exposure to trauma can increase the risk of experiencing multiple types of trauma, known as polyvictimization or complex trauma, with increased likelihood of adverse traumatic symptoms. CWLA is committed to ensuring that children and their families are provided with effective trauma-informed services that lead to their optimal well-being.In the winter of 2012, CWLA will devote a special issue of its journal, Child Welfare, to addressing the effect of child traumatic stress on children, families, operations, and staff within child welfare. Of particular interest are articles that address the following: Trauma-informed, evidence-based innovative practice and policy across the spectrum of child welfare services including prevention of child abuse and neglect, family preservation and support, child and family protection, placement, and permanency services Trauma-informed, evidenced-based mental health practice within the child welfare system (e. g. screening, assessment, and treatment) Trauma and evidence-informed strategies and practices that improve the social and emotional well-being for children involved or at risk of involvement with child wel fare who experience trauma and/or exhibit trauma symptoms Culturally responsive models for youth, family, and community engagement in developing trauma-informed child welfare practice, policy, and systemic improvement Prevalence and impact of secondary traumatic stress on child welfare staff and evidence-based interventions indicated for secondary traumatic stress Role of cultural issues and cultural competency on developing trauma-informed child welfare ractice, policy, and systemic improvement Data collection, empirical investigation, and evaluation of the effects of identification, referral, and treatment on the safety, permanency, and well-being outcomes of children exposed to traumatic stress involved with the child welfare system Effective cross-system collaborations between child welfare, education, mental health, and juvenile justice systems in identifying and addressing the impact of trauma on children and families served by multiple systems While there are many promising p ractices emerging regarding the response of child welfare to address child traumatic stress, there is a need to document and share knowledge and experiences more broadly. CWLA is soliciting manuscripts that document and build on these experiences. Research-based articles and conceptual works referencing studies are welcome. Articles that document innovative and promising practices where knowledge is being built are also encouraged

Principle Characters In Greek Mythology - 1369 Words

Handout 1: Principle Characters Chart As you read about the principle characters in Greek Mythology, fill in a chart that notes: †¢ -Greek name -special abilities -Roman/Latin name if any -personality †¢ -relationship to nature -signs or symbols # Word Etymology Part of speech Modern meaning Sentence 1. Achilles heel Pertaining to the Greek hero, Achilles, and his only weakness after being dipped into the river styx. Noun Weakness or vulnerable point Sweets is a lot of people’s’ achilles’ heel. 2. adonis Name of the youth beloved by Aphrodite. Noun Handsome young man Most girls fall for boys like Adonis, but not all of us have his handsomeness. 3. ambrosia Favored food or†¦show more content†¦11. epicurean follower of the philosophical system of Epicurus Adj. Lover of luxury and wealth The epicurean school taught the philosophy of Epicurus. 12. epidemic Meaning in latin â€Å"among the people†; a saying accurate for diseases that spread throughout the people Noun A rapid spreading disease that spreads through the community The epidemic spread through the town during the 1200s and nearly wiped out the populace. 13. epitome person or thing that typifies something Noun a person or thing that is an exact image of a particular thing or person He is the epitome of an athlete in prime condition. 14. erotic Relating to the greek god eros and his tendency to arouse sexual desire Adj. relating to or tending to bring about a sexual desire or excitement Zeus, in greek mythology, had a erotic passion for women. 15. halcyon A bird who in myth had the powers to calm the wind and sea. Also deriving from Alcyone the daughter of Aeolus. Adj. calm, quiet, peaceful; referring to a happy and distant place in the past I wish I could go back to those halcyon days in the past when the best air day wasn’t a yellow air day. 16. hectoring the eldest son of Priam and husband of Andromache Verb to treat with insolence; bully; torment Hectoring other kids at school is verbal abuse. 17. hedonist In reference to the followers of hedonism Noun a pleasure-seeker Zeus was a hedonist who sought pleasure from being with women. 18. herculean of or relating toShow MoreRelatedThe Myths Of Ancient Egypt And The Near East1554 Words   |  7 Pagescultures. The diverse eccentrics from the Greek, Egyptian and Near Eastern myths were all described with characteristics and actions that would reflect their respective cultures. Myths include the mythologies from ancient Egypt, the Near East the Greeks. In Greek culture, a reflection of the quo s of society can be seen in the heroes of their myths. Ian Plant in Myth in the Ancient World 2012 Pg. 79 explains that A hero was the central human character in myth...heroes from myth were worshippedRead MoreMythology And Christianity : Mythology948 Words   |  4 PagesMythology and Christianity Mythology is known for its artistic values of cultures well before the world we live in today. The stories that derive from these great folk tales set a scene in lives of people who worshipped their God’s and the items that they praised them for. Depending on the geographic location and the time of the myth, or at least what it could be traced to, the people would praise and worship different God’s for different reasons. Just like in our modern system of religion in thisRead MoreAncient Greek Influences Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagesalways inspired by Greek mythology, a theme that is still common today. Many modern plays and movies have been directly based on or incorporated elements of Greek mythology or simply mythology in general. 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In Greek culture it is thought that the spirit of a body cannot find rest if it is has not been laid to rest by the evening of the day it has departed, and it is condemned to roam the earth for eternity. The struggle between human law and divine law is a moralRead MoreThe Deception of Exile Essay example1516 Words   |  7 Pagesbe discovered which affect the character positively or negatively. Exile is used as a tactic to change the way an audience perceives the myth. Exile can be seen as tactic used by the character, or a deceptive method leading to the way the myth is received. Depending on the culture, exile is either equivalent to death or on the contrary, makes the hero more powerful. Both of these scenarios play a crucial role in shaping the hero’s personality and beliefs. In Greek culture, civilians who read mythsRead MoreCultural Heroes Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe literature of a culture is a reflection of its beliefs. This is true of its mythology. 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Aging in the News The Brain May Clean Out Alzheimers Plaques During Sleep - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 508 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Summary News magazine, new neuroscience research have recently come about about the effects of Alzheimers disease, specifically sleep. Patients with Alzheimers have difficulty sleeping as well as build up of amyloid-beta protein. Although the research on the effects of sleep deprivation is new, Dr. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aging in the News: The Brain May Clean Out Alzheimers Plaques During Sleep" essay for you Create order Barbara Bendlin (neuroscientist) found that those who had poor sleep (lower than the recommended 7-8 hours of sleep) had an increase in amyloid-beta protein in the brain. The research hypothesized that sleep deprivation could be an indicator or risk factor for cognitive problems, including Alzheimers (Beil). Other neuroscientists study the effects of sleep deprivation, such as Dr. David Holtzman who studies amyloid build up that could lead to Alzheimers disease in mice brains. The difficulty of Alzheimer research is that changes in the brain in humans develop slowly in a lifetime (decades) and the ethical implications of depriving sleep for long periods of time in sleep studies. Key Finding (Figure 1B) In Figure 1B, a sleep study was done at the Clinical Center at the NIH (Shokri-Kojori, 4483). Participants were asked to have a well rested night as the baseline and a sleep deprived night. Scientists then recorded the amount of 18F-florbetaben levels that bind to insoluble A42 plaques Shokri-Kojori, 4483). The red lines in Figure 1B represent 18F-florbetaben levels in females from a night of restful sleep to one night of sleep deprivation (awake for 31 hours). The blue lines indicate males. There was an increase in FBB SUVr for both males and females. An increase in FBB SUVr after a sleep deprived night showed a increased change in negative moods and increase in A42 levels, which could be a risk factor in Alzheimers disease (Shokri-Kojori, 4483). A few things to note: FBB SUVr stands for 18F-florbetaben relative standard uptake (radiotracers), RW stands for rested-wakefulness, and SD stands for chronic sleep deprivation. Reason for Choosing this Article Among hundreds of potential articles, I originally picked this one because it was the most interesting. After diving into the research on the effects of sleep as we age, I learned about the impact of quality of sleep. It was interesting to learn that people living with Alzheimers disease had disruptive sleep and how difficult it was to form and process memories. Relating to my personal life, I realized how difficult it was to focus on tasks and the mental fatigue after sleeping for only 3-4 hours that night before. What drew me in at first on this topic was that the U.S. alone has a high rate of those sleep deprived and the effects of overusing coffee and other medications to stay awake. Not only does sleep impact how well our memory is as we age, I also wondered the impact of sleep deprivation and car accidents. Its illegal to drive under the influence of drugs/alcohol but theres no consequence (legally) driving while sleep deprived (but I digress). Although the field of research t hat hypothesizes the link between sleep deprivation and Alzheimers, I wonder if the quality of sleep could be the future indicator for aging diseases.